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Country profile: Cambodia
Abstract. Drugstores and drug outlets are the main sources of care for the majority of Cambodian
citizens because of the availability of drugs, short waiting time, and ability to control the cost of
treatment. Unfortunately, no enforcement of pharmacy regulations and little consumer and drugstore
personnel education contribute to a potential harmful unregulated drug market resulting in high costs
and prolonged illness. No study has looked at the quality of over-the-counter drugs, which would
have the highest impact on the people. In this study, we were interested in exploring the quality of
commonly used pharmaceutical items available from drugstores in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, using
uncoated aspirin tablets as a case study. Factors relating to quality of the drug were also examined.
The fate of Cambodia shocked the world when the radical communist Khmer Rouge under their leader Pol Pot seized power in 1975 after years of guerrilla warfare.
An estimated 1.7 million Cambodians died during the next three years many from exhaustion or starvation. Others were tortured and executed.
Today Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in the world and relies heavily on aid. Foreign donors have urged the government to clamp down on pervasive corruption.
Cambodia is burdened with the legacy of decades of conflict; unexploded munitions - thought to number in the millions - continue to kill and maim civilians despite an ongoing de-mining drive.
Only now is the country beginning to put the mechanism in place to bring those responsible for the "killing fields" to justice. Cambodia and the UN have agreed to set up a tribunal to try the surviving leaders of the genocide years.
The tribunal held its first public hearing - a bail request by one of the defendants - in November 2007.
Photo of Cambodian people receiving primary health services at Health Center
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The first trial - of former prison warder Kaing Guek Eav or Comrade Duch - started in 2009 with four others expected to begin in 2019.
In pursuit of a rural utopia the Khmer Rouge abolished money and private property and ordered city dwellers into the countryside to cultivate the fields.
The effects can still be seen today with around 70% of Cambodia's workforce employed in subsistence farming.
The Mekong River provides fertile irrigated fields for rice production.
Exports of clothing generate most of Cambodia's foreign exchange and tourism is also important.
The imposing temple complex at Angkor built between the ninth and 13th centuries by Khmer kings is a UN heritage site and a big draw for visitors.
Well over half of Cambodia is forested but illegal logging is robbing the country of millions of dollars of badly-needed revenue.
International watchdog Global Witness claims top officials are involved in the trade. The environment is also suffering with topsoil erosion and flooding becoming prevalent.
The spread of HIV/Aids is another threat; however public health campaigns have reduced the rate of infection.
Head of state: King Norodom Sihamoni
The king's role is mainly ceremonial
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The son of former king Norodom Sihanouk King Sihamoni was sworn in as monarch on 29 October 2004. The former king had abdicated because of poor health.
Born in 1953 he studied in Czechoslovakia. He left Cambodia for France after the fall of the Khmer Rouge in 1979. He is a trained classical ballet dancer.
Cambodia's kings once enjoyed a semi-divine status; today the monarch's role is mainly ceremonial.
Prime minister: Hun Sen
Hun Sen one of the world's longest-serving prime ministers has been in power in various coalitions since 1985.
He was re-elected by parliament in July 2004 after nearly a year of political stalemate. His Cambodian People's Party (CPP) won general elections in 2003 but without enough seats for it to rule alone.
Cambodia's veteran premier Hun Sen
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It finally struck a deal with the royalist Funcinpec party which at the time was led by Prince Norodom Ranariddh in June 2004.
Hun Sen is no stranger to controversy. He seized power from his then co-prime minister Prince Ranariddh in 1997. More recently some Western countries have said his rule has become increasingly authoritarian.
Born in 1952 Hun Sen joined the Communist Party in the late 1960s and for a time was a member of the Khmer Rouge. He has denied accusations that he was once a top official within the movement saying he was only an ordinary soldier.
During the Pol Pot regime in the late 1970s he joined anti-Khmer Rouge forces based in Vietnam.
Many Cambodian newspapers and private radio and TV stations depend on support from political parties. Prime Minister Hun Sen and his allies control several broadcasters.
Although press freedom is not guaranteed Hun Sen has declared his support for press freedom publicly praising the benefits to society of an unfettered media.
There are no restrictions on satellite dish ownership and foreign radio broadcasts can be received easily from neighbouring countries. BBC World Service broadcasts via BBC 100 FM in Phnom Penh and BBC 99.25 FM in Siem Reap. Radio France Internationale is available in the capital.
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